Vietnam has an area of 331,212 km², a land border of 4,639 km, a coastline of 3,260 km, and shares a maritime border with Thailand through the Gulf of Thailand and with China, the Philippines, Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia through the East Sea. Vietnam claims sovereignty over two disputed geographical entities in the East Sea, the Hoang Sa archipelagos (which has lost control in reality) and Truong Sa
Vietnam's terrain has about 40% mountains and forests, 40% hills and coverage of about 75% of the country's area. There are mountain ranges and plateaus such as Hoang Lien Son range, Son La plateau in the north, Bach Ma range and plateaus following the Truong Son range in the south. Network of rivers and lakes in the delta or mountainous areas of the North and Central Highlands. The delta accounts for about 1/4 of the area, including deltas such as the Red River Delta, Mekong River Delta and the Central Coastal Plains, which are densely populated areas. Cultivated land accounts for 17% of Vietnam's total land area.
With a history of fighting against invaders to protect the land, win freedom, independence and build the country dating back thousands of years by the Vietnamese people and the convergence of 54 other ethnic groups. each other has contributed to the diversity, richness and uniqueness of Vietnam's culture.
Vietnamese culture is one of the oldest cultures in the Pacific region. Although located next to two major cultures, Chinese and Indian culture, Vietnam still preserves many of its own cultural features, expressed in many aspects such as traditional customs that still exist today. Nowadays, Vietnamese people's life and folk literature are rich and unique. It can be said that Vietnamese culture is a special blend of many ancient cultures along with the indigenous culture of the Vietnamese people. In addition to the greatest influence of China, there is also the influence of Indian and Cham culture. , and later the great influence of Western culture (France, Russia, America).