Tam Diep Pass is a combination of passes on Tam Diep mountain on the border of Ninh Binh and Thanh Hoa provinces, Vietnam.
Tam Diep Mountain is a mountain range located on the border between Tam Diep city, Ninh Binh province and Bim Son town and Ha Trung district, Thanh Hoa province. The mountain range runs to the sea in the northwest – southeast direction and has 3 peaks. “Tam Diep” is the name of the word called in the history books and ancient geography of Vietnam, a landmark place on the ancient road of feudalism from Thang Long to the South. Ba Doi pass is the Nom name of Tam Diep pass, appearing in Ho Xuan Huong’s poetry, which in ancient Vietnamese means three waves, three layers.
Location
During the feudal period, the Thien Ly road, or in some places also known as the “shift station”, Cai Quan road, the “main dynasty” road ran through Tam Diep pass. National Highway 1A today passes through Tam Diep, there is a section that does not coincide with the ancient Thien Ly road, but crosses Tam Diep mountain in Doc Xay, the boundary between Ninh Binh and Thanh Hoa. This stretch of road was opened by the French from Dau temple (Tam Diep city, Ninh Binh) to Song temple (Bim Son town, Thanh Hoa) in the early twentieth century to straighten Thien Ly road, avoiding having to go through the pass. The ancient Tam Diep is craggy. Doc Xay is not an ancient Tam Diep pass because the passage through the Xay slope can only be opened by modern technology: breaking through mountains, filling deep gaps, abysses and high-level road engineering. In 1998-1999, the Vietnamese government cut through the mountain to make a tunnel through the mountain in Doc Xay for convenient two-way travel. Previously due to lack of conditions,
Tunnel at Doc Xay, direction Thanh Hoa – Ninh Binh
Tunnel at Doc Xay, direction Ninh Binh – Thanh Hoa
Three passes
- The middle pass is the ancient celestial road that crosses the highest mountain peak and is also the highest pass (about 110 m). There is a stele engraved with the poem “Too Tam Diep Son” by King Thieu Tri made in 1842 while on a patrol through Tam Diep mountain. Today, the ancient Thien Ly road is only a small path, in many places overgrown with trees.
- Northern Pass : about 75–80 m . high
- South Pass : about 80–90 m . high
Previously, the middle pass was the boundary between the two towns of Thanh Hoa inland and Thanh Hoa in the Later Le dynasty, between Ninh Binh and Thanh Hoa provinces in the Nguyen Dynasty. But today, due to the redistribution of boundaries, the middle pass and the southern pass belong to Bim Son town, Thanh Hoa. Only the northern pass belongs to Tam Diep city.
Thus, the ancient celestial road from Thang Long to Tam Diep city, to Dau temple, 111 km from Hanoi, then detours to the southeast of present-day National Highway 1A, bypassing some limestone mountains to pass. Three peaks of Tam Diep pass, to Song temple continue to go to Thanh Hoa plain. Dau Temple and Sang Temple are the two ends of the hammock on the ancient Thien Ly road through Tam Diep pass. This hammock section is about 5 km longer than the current straight National Highway from Dau temple to Song temple.
Tam Diep Mountain is the last strip of Hoa Binh’s limestone arc extending close to the sea. The top connects with the mountains and forests of Hoa Binh – Son La. The bottom runs out near the water of the East Sea. To the northwest, it borders Hoa Binh, with a mountain up to 570 m high. Particularly in the territory of Tam Diep city and Yen Mo district (Ninh Binh), bordering the two districts of Ha Trung and Nga Son (Thanh Hoa), Tam Diep mountain is over 20 km long, 2 to 7 km wide, with mountains 200 m high. This is the natural boundary between the two provinces of Ninh Binh and Thanh Hoa.
History
During the Han Dynasty, Tam Diep Pass was called Cuu Chan Quan , which was the gate between Cuu Chan district (present-day Thanh Hoa) and Giao Chi district (today’s North).
After the Hai Ba Trung uprising failed (AD 43), the Cam Khe base died, some insurgents retreated to Tam Diep – Than Phu area to continue the fight.
At the beginning of the 10th century, Duong Dinh Nghe and Ngo Quyen relied on the dangers of Tam Diep to build and protect forces in Thanh Hoa, then went out to defeat the Southern Han invaders in Dai La citadel (931). and Bach Dang River (in 938)
During the resistance war against the Mongol-Nguyen army (13th century), the Tran court used the Tam Diep wall to protect the rear of Ai Chau – Dien Chau (Thanh Hoa and Nghe An) and as a support for the army. Thien Truong – Truong Yen base.
In 1527, the Mac Dynasty replaced the Later Le Dynasty. The Mac Dynasty separated the two palaces of Truong Yen and Thien Quan from Son Nam and declared them as Thanh Hoa suburban town. Because at that time, the Mac Dynasty occupied from Tam Diep mountain range back to the North to oppose the Later Le Dynasty (Le Trung Hung Dynasty) based its capital in Thanh Hoa). King Le Trang Tong (1533-1548) built a rampart at Tam Diep to fight the Mac army.
At the end of 1788, 29,000 Qing troops invaded and occupied Thang Long. The Tay Son Dynasty at that time had only 10,000 troops stationed in Thang Long and Bac Ha. Ngo Thi Nham – a talented general of Tay Son advocated withdrawing troops to set up the Tam Diep – Bien Son line for the army to block at Tam Diep mountain to defend, the marines stationed in Bien Son waters (Thanh Hoa). On December 20 (January 15, 1789), the army led by King Quang Trung from Phu Xuan (modern-day Hue) went to Tam Diep to rest for the troops to celebrate the Lunar New Year first. From New Year’s Eve to the 5th of January in the year of the Rooster (January 30, 1879), the Tay Son army pulled out to destroy the Qing army at Thang Long, successfully ending the rapid strategic offensive. At the present Tam Diep pass, there are still historical vestiges of Vuong Ngu mountain where King Quang Trung was stationed.
In 1842, King Thieu Tri went on a patrol through Tam Diep Pass and wrote the poem “Over Tam Diep Son”, 10 months later the poem was engraved with a stone stele, erected right next to the ancient Thien Ly road, crossing the mountain top in the middle, high. best. Currently, the stele has been found on the top of the pass. In 1984, people found traces of the old stele house and erected the stele in the correct position of the old stele house. The top of the mountain with this stele is the dividing point between the two provinces of Ninh Binh and Thanh Hoa.
Tam Diep Pass was classified as a Historical Relic by the State of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1985.
Current Status
Currently, the old pass is no longer used for traffic because there is a new road from Dau temple to Song temple that is more convenient to travel, it is just a small road named Thien Ly street.
The poem “Cuu Chan Quan” by Ngo Thi Si carved on the southern cliff of Kem Do in the 18th century along with a number of ramps around Kem Do, the stronghold of the Tay Son insurgent army about establishing the Tam Diep – Bien Son line, was destroyed for quarrying or planting cassava, planting potatoes, making paths.
Source: Collected internet.